1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919
1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929
1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939
1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949
4 Jan 1936
Russia
- The town of Vorkuta was established in northern Komi Republic, Russia to support the Vorkuta Gulag forced labor camps.
5 Jan 1936
Photo(s) dated 5 Jan 1936
6 Jan 1936
Photo(s) dated 6 Jan 1936
7 Jan 1936
Photo(s) dated 7 Jan 1936
11 Jan 1936
China
- Dong Zhao was named the commanding officer of the 28th Division.
» In-depth article
12 Jan 1936
- Major Marine units of the US Marine Corps began their participation in Fleet Landing Exercise No . 2 at Culebra, Puerto Rico.
18 Jan 1936
Photo(s) dated 18 Jan 1936
20 Jan 1936
- British King George V passed away.
29 Jan 1936
Photo(s) dated 29 Jan 1936
10 Feb 1936
- The Gestapo was moved outside normal civil law, answering only to Adolf Hitler via Heinrich Himmler.
- Ernst Udet was appointed the Inspector of Fighters and Dive Bombers of the German Luftwaffe.
12 Feb 1936
France
- The final production example of GL-832 HY floatplane was completed.
» In-depth article
17 Feb 1936
- Major Marine units of the US Marine Corps completed their participation in Fleet Landing Exercise No . 2 at Culebra, Puerto Rico.
19 Feb 1936
Spain
- In Spain the Popular Front won the general election. The Popular Front, a coalition of the left Republicans with the Socialists and Communists obtained 270 seats in the assembly against 200 seats won by the centre and right political parties.
22 Feb 1936
Spain
- The Spanish government announced an amnesty for 35,000 left wing political prisoners.
25 Feb 1936
- Sun Chu arrived at the front lines in the conflict against the Chinese communists in Shaanxi, China.
» In-depth article
26 Feb 1936
- February 26 Incident began in Japan, which was a failed coup attempt.
- Adolf Hitler opened the 1st Volkswagen plant in Germany.
1 Mar 1936
- Rudolf Höss was promoted to the rank of SS-Hauptscharführer.
» In-depth article
- In Colorado, United States, the "Six Company's" consortium formally handed the newly completed Hoover Dam over to the federal government, two years ahead of schedule.
United States
5 Mar 1936
- The Confessing Church in Germany issued a declaration rejecting National Socialist ambitions to be "the supreme and ultimate authority in all spheres of life". Banned by the Gestapo, 700 pastors were arrested after reading out the declaration.
United Kingdom
- Supermarine prototype Type 300 aircraft took flight from Eastleigh airfield in England, United Kingdom; this aircraft would later be named Spitfire.
» In-depth article
- Hawker's prototype fighter K5083 was delivered to Martelesham Heath airfield in Suffolk, England, United Kingdom for testing.
» In-depth article
6 Mar 1936
China
- General Jiro Minami stepped down as the Governor-General of Kwantung Leased Territory and the commanding officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China; he was succeeded by General Kenkichi Ueda.
» In-depth article
7 Mar 1936
- Upon the success of the Rhineland reoccupation in western Germany, Adolf Hitler dissolved the Reichstag and called for re-elections, which saw overwhelming approval for the action.
» In-depth article
- Werner Mölders flew missions over the Rhineland region of Germany.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 7 Mar 1936
8 Mar 1936
Photo(s) dated 8 Mar 1936
9 Mar 1936
Photo(s) dated 9 Mar 1936
10 Mar 1936
- Destroyer Afridi was ordered by the British Royal Navy.
- The Fairey Battle Day bomber took its first flight.
» In-depth article
16 Mar 1936
Photo(s) dated 16 Mar 1936
17 Mar 1936
- The Armstrong Whitworth Whitley all-metal twin-engine monoplane bomber made its maiden flight.
» In-depth article
19 Mar 1936
Photo(s) dated 19 Mar 1936
21 Mar 1936
Photo(s) dated 21 Mar 1936
23 Mar 1936
China
- Seishiro Itagaki was named the chief of staff of Kenkichi Ueda (Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China).
» In-depth article
29 Mar 1936
- The Reichstag elections recorded a record turnout of 98.8%, although the rules had been changed in respect of spoilt papers-in that all ballot papers left blank were counted as a vote for the National Socialists candidate, and only where the voter had specifically written "No" against a candidate's name were they counted as a vote against.
30 Mar 1936
- Quintin Brand received the Order of Ismail from the Egyptian government.
» In-depth article
31 Mar 1936
Photo(s) dated 31 Mar 1936
1 Apr 1936
- The Division of Aviation was established at Headquarters, US Marine Corps under the command of Colonel Road E . Rowell, the former head of the Marine Aviation Section.
Germany
- Wolfgang Falck was assigned to the 5th group of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen", based at Jüterbog-Damm, Germany. He was placed in charge of furthering the training of new pilots assigned to the unit.
» In-depth article
2 Apr 1936
- J2F Duck aircraft took its first flight; deliveries were made to the United States Navy later on the same day.
» In-depth article
4 Apr 1936
Photo(s) dated 4 Apr 1936
8 Apr 1936
Photo(s) dated 8 Apr 1936
10 Apr 1936
- Quintin Brand was made a supernumerary member of the headquarters of the No. 6 (Auxiliary) Group RAF.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 10 Apr 1936
11 Apr 1936
Photo(s) dated 11 Apr 1936
14 Apr 1936
United States
- A S-43 aircraft, piloted by Boris Sergievsky and carrying a 500-kilogram payload, set an altitude record for amphibious aircraft at 27,950 feet above Stamford, Connecticut, United States.
» In-depth article
16 Apr 1936
Photo(s) dated 16 Apr 1936
20 Apr 1936
- Werner Mölders was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant, effective as of 1 Apr 1936.
» In-depth article
- Werner von Blomberg was promoted to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall.
» In-depth article
- Walther von Brauchitsch was promoted to the rank of General der Artillerie.
» In-depth article
- Wolfgang Falck was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant.
» In-depth article
France
- The French Army issued the second order for AMR 35 light tanks.
» In-depth article
Germany
Photo(s) dated 20 Apr 1936
22 Apr 1936
France
- The first AMR 35 light tanks entered service with the French Army.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 22 Apr 1936
24 Apr 1936
- In Germany the Ordensburgen Training Centres were formally established for the indoctrination of Nazi Party members. These establishments came under the responsibility of Reich Organization Leader Robert Ley, a loud-mouth fanatic with a reputation for drink and women and an obsession with creating physically perfect Germans.
28 Apr 1936
- Tetsuzo Iwamoto began receiving flight training by the Japanese Navy.
» In-depth article
1 May 1936
- Cruiser Köln began two months of operations off Portugal.
» In-depth article
- In Germany the NSDAP introduced ambitious new plans for controlling the population. Key among these were the dividing of the population into blocks of 40 to 60 households under local controllers (not necessarily a party member) responsible for the political outlook, education and morale of every inhabitant, member or not.
Photo(s) dated 1 May 1936
5 May 1936
- Italian forces captured Addis Ababa, Abyssinia, bringing an end to Abyssinian resistance. During this campaign the Italian air force had used modern weapons, including poison gas, against natives armed with little more than primitive weapons.
» In-depth article
7 May 1936
- Italy officially announced the establishment of Italian East Africa, merging Italian-held territories of Italian Somaliland, Abyssinia, and Eritrea.
» In-depth article
8 May 1936
Photo(s) dated 8 May 1936
9 May 1936
- Italy annexed Abyssinia and formed the colony of Italian East Africa by combining Abyssinia, Eritrea, and Italian Somaliland.
- Chiang Kaishek proclaimed that Japan was waging war in China without a declaration of war.
» In-depth article
- Mussolini disbanded the Blackshirt legions in Italy.
12 May 1936
Germany
- The first prototype of the Messerschmitt Bf 110 made its maiden flight from Augsburg-Haunstetten, Germany, with test pilot Rudolf Opitz at the controls.
» In-depth article
14 May 1936
United States
27 May 1936
United Kingdom
- The transatlantic ocean liner RMS Queen Mary made her maiden voyage, departing from Southampton, England, United Kingdom. Converted into a troopship in World War II she would carry thousands of American troops across to Europe.
1 Jun 1936
United Kingdom
- The British Air Ministry released Production Scheme F, which called for the production of 1,000 new fighters.
2 Jun 1936
Photo(s) dated 2 Jun 1936
3 Jun 1936
- The British Air Ministry placed an order for 310 Spitfire fighters at £4,500 each.
» In-depth article
- Ira Eaker took off from New York, United States on an attempt of the blind flight across North America.
» In-depth article
Germany
- In Germany, General Walther Wever, Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe, was killed when the Heinkel He 70 in which he was flying to Berlin crashed shortly after taking off from Dresden.
4 Jun 1936
United Kingdom
- The British Air Ministry issued Contract No. 527112/36 to Hawker Aviation for 600 units of the soon-to-be-named Hurricane fighter design.
» In-depth article
5 Jun 1936
- Esterwegen Concentration Camp in Germany was closed to be converted to be a punishment camp; prisoners of Esterwegen were ordered to build the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp.
» In-depth article
- The United States Social Security Board decided to issue nine-digit identification numbers to Americans which would later be known as Social Security Numbers, and to establish 89 district offices and 469 branch offices.
7 Jun 1936
- Cruiser Köln began operations off Spain.
» In-depth article
- Ira Eaker completed the first blind flight from New York to Los Angeles, making this the first North American transcontinental flight using only instruments.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 7 Jun 1936
8 Jun 1936
United Kingdom
- Hawker Aviation issued fuselage manufacturing drawings of the soon-to-be-named Hurricane design to its production shops.
» In-depth article
9 Jun 1936
- Destroyer Afridi was laid down at Vickers-Armstrong’s High Walker Yard on the Tyne in England, United Kingdom.
- Quincy was commissioned into service.
» In-depth article
- Ernst Udet was appointed Director of the Technical Department of the German Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) with responsibility for all new Luftwaffe aircraft. His department grew to a complex 26 departments and was riven with petty jealousies and inter-department rivalries. Udet failed to provide a firm leadership and his organisation soon collapsed into chaos, whilst Udet, with no effective deputy and a poor staff seemed more happier when he was out of reach visiting aircraft factories and airfields (usually at the controls of his own bright red Siebel tourer complete with its well stocked bar).
14 Jun 1936
- A contract for 'New Construction G' was issued by the German Navy to the Kriegsmarine Werft in Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
» In-depth article
15 Jun 1936
Photo(s) dated 15 Jun 1936
16 Jun 1936
- Adolf Hitler departed Venice, Italy, returning to Germany.
» In-depth article
- Heinrich Himmler was named the head of the first German national police force. Prior to this, police forces had always been under the jurisdiction of local states and not the national government.
» In-depth article
21 Jun 1936
- Handley Page Hampden medium bomber took flight for the first time.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 21 Jun 1936
23 Jun 1936
- Franklin Roosevelt was nominated for second term as US President at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
» In-depth article
24 Jun 1936
- German Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg drew up Case Green as a hypothetical campaign against Czechoslovakia.
» In-depth article
27 Jun 1936
United Kingdom
- The Hurricane fighter design officially received its "Hurricane" designation.
» In-depth article
29 Jun 1936
- Cruiser Köln completed operations off Spain.
» In-depth article
- The US Congress passed the Merchant Marine Act (1936) which set in place the necessary legislation to create series-production facilities for mercantile hulls. This legislation would ultimately have important consequences for the wartime Battle of the Atlantic.
30 Jun 1936
- The active duty strength of the US Marine Corps was reported to be 1,208 officers and 16,040 enlisted men for a total of 17,248.
1 Jul 1936
Germany
- The keel of the battleship Bismarck was laid down at Blohm & Voss' shipyard in Hamburg, Germany.
» In-depth article
United States
- The US 2nd Marine Brigade was formed at San Diego, California, United States for deployment to China.
6 Jul 1936
- The British RAF Fighter Command was established.
10 Jul 1936
- The US Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics changed the specification of Grumman's new F4F prototype from a biplane to a monoplane configuration. The aircraft would emerge as the successful Wildcat fighter.
» In-depth article
11 Jul 1936
- Quintin Brand was appointed the Director of Repair and Maintenance of the RAF.
» In-depth article
- Germany and Austria signed an agreement in which Germany promised to respect Austria's sovereignty and Austria agrees to be considered a state of the German people. In a secret clause of this agreement, Austria was to permit the Nazi Party.
» In-depth article
12 Jul 1936
Spain
- In Spain, Calvé Sotelo, a well-known monarchist, was murdered by Republican storm troopers, and passions were roused to even greater fury when, at the funeral, police opened fire, killing four of the mourners.
» In-depth article
14 Jul 1936
- Hugh Dowding was appointed the first commander-in-chief of the British RAF Fighter Command. In this role, he was also in charge of the Anti-Aircraft Command, the Balloon Command, and the Observer Corps.
» In-depth article
- The H6K flying boat took its first flight.
» In-depth article
15 Jul 1936
Spain
- Fal Condé, leader of the ardent Catholic Carlist movement in Spain, agreed to call out his 8,400 strong Requetés Militia to support the Nationalist cause.
» In-depth article
16 Jul 1936
United Kingdom
- An attempt was made to assassinate British King Edward VIII in London, England, United Kingdom. An Irish malcontent, Jerome Brannigan (otherwise known as George Andrew McMahon), produced a loaded revolver as the King rode on horseback at Constitution Hill, near Buckingham Palace. Police spotted the gun and pounced on him; he was quickly arrested. At Brannigan's trial, he alleged that "a foreign power" had approached him to kill Edward, that he had informed MI5 of the plan, and that he was merely seeing the plan through to help MI5 catch the real culprits. The court rejected the claims and sent him to jail for a year.
18 Jul 1936
- Throughout Spain and Spanish Morocco military garrisons (aided in place by the Guardia Civil and the Falange) rose in revolt against the Republican Government.
» In-depth article
19 Jul 1936
- General Francisco Franco flew from Tenerife, Canary Islands to Tetuan, Spanish Morocco to take over command of the Spanish Army of Africa. Meanwhile, he also appealed to Germany and Italy for volunteer fighters.
» In-depth article
- The insurgent Spanish Nationalists succeeded in seizing power in Morocco, Navarre, Galicia, Old Castile, and Seville, but were thwarted in the key cities off Barcelona and Madrid. Santiago Casares Quiroga of the Left Republican Party resigned from the post of Prime Minister of the Republic; President Manuel Azana asked Diego Martinez Barrio, a member of the Republican Union Party, to form a moderate government which could negotiate with the rebels; when Barrio was unable to form a government which enjoyed and real support he resigned. Professor Jose Giral of the Republican Party would replace him and ordered that arms be distributed to the workers.
» In-depth article
20 Jul 1936
- When it became apparent that the rising in Madrid, Spain had failed, the Nationalist supporters in Toledo (40 miles to the south-west of the capital) occupied the Military Academy in the Alcazar fortress. The garrison was mainly drawn from the local Guardia Civil and Falange, and was commanded by the Commandant of the Academy, Colonel Jose Moscardo. For two months the defenders held out against the Republican Militia units besieging them, and were finally relieved when troops from the Army of Africa, led by Colonel Jose Varela, stormed into Toledo. The relieve of the Alcazar Academy did much to enhance General Franco’s reputation, but the diversion of Varela’s troops from the advance on Madrid gave the capital’s defenders further time to prepare their defences. On this same date, in Madrid, Spanish Prime Minister Giral appealed to the French Socialist Government (whose Prime Minister was Leon Blum) for arms supplies as the Nationalists appealed to Germany and Italy. Finally, the nominal leader of the rising, General Jose Sanjurjo, was killed when the aircraft bringing him from Portugal to Burgos, Spain crashed on take-off.
» In-depth article
21 Jul 1936
- El Ferrol, the main naval base in the north-west of Spain, surrendered to the Nationalists. As a result the Nationalists acquired battleship Espana, cruiser Republica, cruiser Admirante Cervera, destroyer Valesco, and two under-construction cruisers Baleares and Canarias.
» In-depth article
22 Jul 1936
- A German businessman from Spanish Morocco met Adolf Hitler in Bayreuth, Germany and handed the German leader a letter from Francisco Franco requesting German resistance in the Spanish Civil War. Meanwhile, Franco's Nationalist forces captured Alto de Leon to the north-west of Madrid, Spain.
» In-depth article
- Omar Bradley was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel.
» In-depth article
United States
- The keel of submarine Skipjack was laid down by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut, United States.
» In-depth article
23 Jul 1936
- The Committee of National Defence, the Spanish Nationalist Government, met for the first time in Burgos.
- Tucker was commissioned into service.
» In-depth article
- ShCh-313 was commissioned into service.
» In-depth article
25 Jul 1936
- The COMINTERN agreed to send volunteers and funds to aid the Spanish Republic.
» In-depth article
27 Jul 1936
- The airlift, which was to carry the Army of Africa from Spanish Morocco to Spain, began when German and Italian transport aircraft arrived in Spain’s North African territories.
» In-depth article
30 Jul 1936
Photo(s) dated 30 Jul 1936
1 Aug 1936
- Start of the Olympic games in Berlin; anti-Semitic posters were temporarily removed.
- Georg von Bismarck was promoted to the rank of Oberstleutnant.
» In-depth article
Taiwan
- Shunroku Hata was named the commanding officer of the Taiwan Army.
» In-depth article
4 Aug 1936
- Ioannis Metaxas declared the 4th of August Regime; he took on the title of Arkhigos.
» In-depth article
5 Aug 1936
Photo(s) dated 5 Aug 1936
9 Aug 1936
- A Spanish Republican expeditionary force of Catalan and Valencian troops, commanded by Air Force Captain Alberto Bayo and Guardia Civil Captain Manuel Uribarri, landed on the iland of Ibiza, Spain in the Mediterranean Sea. With the help of local people the expeditionary force quickly overcame the Nationalist garrison, and the island returned to Republican rule.
» In-depth article
Germany
- During the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany, Jesse Owens won his fourth gold medal, becoming the first American to win four medals in one Olympiad. Owens commented that Adolf Hitler, although biased against people of African descent, rose and waved at him as he paraded with other medal winners before the German leader; Franklin Roosevelt, however, "didn't even send me a telegram."
10 Aug 1936
Photo(s) dated 10 Aug 1936
11 Aug 1936
- The Spanish Nationalist gunboat Eduardo Dato was sunk at Algeciras, Spain by the Republican battleship Jaime I.
» In-depth article
13 Aug 1936
- The Spanish Republican battleship Jaime I was damaged by a Nationalist air attack off the coast of Malaga, Spain.
» In-depth article
14 Aug 1936
- Spanish Nationalist forces, drawn from the Army of Africa and led by Colonel Juan Yague, captured Badajoz, Spain. The two parts of Nationalist Spain were now linked.
» In-depth article
- Franklin Roosevelt made a speech at Chautauqua, New York, United States, in which he stated "I hate war".
» In-depth article
16 Aug 1936
- Spanish Republican Catalan troops led by Captain Bayo landed on Majorca, Spain and by the evening had advanced eight miles inland from their landing place at Porto Cristo.
» In-depth article
- Filipp Golikov was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the first time.
» In-depth article
Russia
- Georgy Zhukov was awarded the Order of Lenin for the first time.
» In-depth article
17 Aug 1936
United Kingdom
- The Hurricane prototype fighter took another test flight at Brooklands near Weybridge, Surrey, England, United Kingdom.
» In-depth article
24 Aug 1936
- Philippine President Manuel Quezon granted Douglas MacArthur the title of field marshal in the Philippine Army.
» In-depth article
- The new Soviet Ambassador, Marcel Rosenberg, arrived in Republican Spain. He was accompanied by a large number of Soviet "advisers".
» In-depth article
27 Aug 1936
Photo(s) dated 27 Aug 1936
28 Aug 1936
- German authorities arrested large numbers of Jehovah's Witnesses, sending some of them to concentration camps.
» In-depth article
- Spanish Nationalist aircraft bombed Madrid, Spain for the first time.
» In-depth article
31 Aug 1936
- The United States passed a neutrality bill according to popular isolationist sentiment. The slogan "schools, not battleships" was used by supporters of this bill.
3 Sep 1936
- Spanish Republican Catalan troops on Majorca, Spain, faced by a much stronger Spanish Nationalist Garrison (than that on Ibiza) under the command of Colonel Garcia Ruiz, were thrown back by a counter-attack supported by Italian fighters aircraft and bombers. The Republican force rapidly withdrew to the beaches and, covered by the guns of the battleship Jaime I, re-embark aboard the ships which had brought them. Meanwhile, on the mainland, Nationalist forces captured Talavera de la Reina.
» In-depth article
United States
4 Sep 1936
- Francisco Largo Caballero (the leader of the Socialists) became Spain's Prime Minister. His Government was a coalition of Socialists, Communists and Left Republicans.
» In-depth article
5 Sep 1936
- The Spanish Nationalists closed the border between the Basque Provinces in Spain and France when Irun was captured by troops led by Colonel Alfonso Beorlegui.
» In-depth article
6 Sep 1936
- Italian aircraft arrived in Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain and set up bases from which to bomb Spanish Republican positions.
» In-depth article
7 Sep 1936
- The first autonomous Basque Government, led by Jose Antonio Aguirre, was formed in Spain.
- Pierre Barjot was promoted to the rank of lieutenant commander.
» In-depth article
8 Sep 1936
France
- French Army tested AMR 33 light tanks with upgraded suspension systems.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 8 Sep 1936
9 Sep 1936
- At the annual party rally Hitler announced a four year plan for economic and military revival under the supervision of Hermann Göring. Hjalmar Schlat, the Reich Minister of Economics, insultingly was not notified of the plan until it was publicly announced.
» In-depth article
United Kingdom
- The Non-Intervention Committee met for the first time in London, England, United Kingdom. It was created to prevent personnel and matériel reaching the warring parties of the Spanish Civil War.
» In-depth article
10 Sep 1936
- Do 18 flying boat "Zephir" piloted by Lufthansa Flugkapitän Blankenburg was launched from the German seaplane tender Schwabenland by catapult in the Azores. Do 18 flying boat "Aeolus" was similarly launched.
» In-depth article
11 Sep 1936
- Do 18 flying boat "Aeolus" arrived at Hamilton, Bermuda from the Azores after a 18-hour 15-minute flight. Several hours later, Do 18 flying boat "Zephir" arrived at New York, New York, United States from the Azores after a 22-hour 12-minute flight.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 11 Sep 1936
13 Sep 1936
Photo(s) dated 13 Sep 1936
15 Sep 1936
- Franklin Roosevelt ordered the United States Post Office, employers, and labor unions to assist the United States Social Security Administration to distribution SS-4 employer and SS-5 employee application forms for establishing Social Security Numbers.
» In-depth article
- Submarine Pollack was launched, sponsored by Miss Anne Carter Lauman.
» In-depth article
17 Sep 1936
Photo(s) dated 17 Sep 1936
19 Sep 1936
- The Spanish Republican submarine B6 was sunk by Nationalist naval forces, led by the destroyer Velasco, off Cape Penas near Santander, Spain.
» In-depth article
21 Sep 1936
Photo(s) dated 21 Sep 1936
22 Sep 1936
- Do 18 flying boat "Aeolus" arrived at Horta, Azores from Hamilton, Bermuda after a 17-hour 50-minute flight.
» In-depth article
27 Sep 1936
- Jules Marcel de Coppet was named the Governor-General of French West Africa.
29 Sep 1936
- The Spanish Republican destroyer Almirante Juan Fernandez was sunk by the Nationalist cruiser Canarias during a naval battle off the coast near Gibraltar.
» In-depth article
Russia
- ShCh-317 was commissioned into service with Captain V. A. Yegorov in command.
» In-depth article
1 Oct 1936
- At Burgos, Spain, Francisco Franco was publicly proclaimed as the Head of State and the Generalísimo of the military.
» In-depth article
- The Spanish Republican Government approved the statute giving autonomy to the Basque Provinces.
- The US 1st Marine Brigade began a three-month amphibious and field landing exercise in and near Potomac, Maryland, United States.
2 Oct 1936
- Werner Mölders received the Dienstauszeichnung 4th Class award.
» In-depth article
3 Oct 1936
Photo(s) dated 3 Oct 1936
4 Oct 1936
United Kingdom
- Battle of Cable Street: In Britain, Sir Oswald Ernald, 6th Baronet, Mosley, led around 2,000 BUF members in uniform in a march through the East End (an area of London known to have a high proportion of Jewish residents and much poverty) in an attempt designed to intimidate local Jews and rally fascist sympathisers. This was a fatal mistake, for waiting for him in Cable Street were around 100,000 counter-demonstrators who had overturned a lorry and piled up bricks as a barricade. The police seeing what was about to happen ordered Moseley and his men to turn away. They did. The police then turned on the anti-fascist demonstrators and in the ensuing fracas more than a hundred people were injured and eighty arrested. This confrontation was just as disastrous to the BUF as the Olympia rally had been. Moderates deserted in droves.
» In-depth article
6 Oct 1936
- Francisco Franco decided that the time was ripe for an attack on Madrid, Spain and entrusted the task to José Enrique Varela, the most dynamic Nationalist commander, who was fresh from his Toledo triumph. His force of 10,000 men was to be divided into four columns; two of which under Juan Yagué (now recovered from his "collapse with exhaustion") would advance along the Toledo-Madrid road, while Varela would take the other two columns along the Mérida-Madrid road. A subsidiary force of 5,000 men under General Valdes Cabanillas was ordered to make a diversionary attack from the west across the Sierra Guadarrama.
» In-depth article
Germany
- Oswald Mosley married Diana Mitford in secret at the home of Joseph Goebbels in Berlin, Germany. Their guests included Adolf Hitler.
» In-depth article
9 Oct 1936
France
- The French Army issued the third and final order of AMR 35 light tanks.
» In-depth article
10 Oct 1936
- The Spanish Republican Government announced the creation of the Popular Army. This was to incorporate both the Army units which had remained loyal to the Government and the Party Militias.
» In-depth article
12 Oct 1936
- The first Soviet aid to the Spanish Republicans arrived. Meanwhile, the Republican submarine B5 was sunk by Nationalist aircraft off the coast near Malaga, Spain.
» In-depth article
14 Oct 1936
- The United States Social Security Administration's first field office opened in Austin, Texas, United States.
15 Oct 1936
- The Spanish Republican Popular Army established a system of Commissars (Political Officers) in each unit.
Spain
- 50 Soviet T-26 Model 1933 light tanks arrived in Spain to aid the Republic forces in the Spanish Civil War.
» In-depth article
18 Oct 1936
- The second Four-Year plan was passed into law, which gave Göring the authority to remove any political or institutional obstacle to achieving the plan (e.g. to ride roughshod over any objections to rearmament).
» In-depth article
20 Oct 1936
- Japanese-backed Mongolian troops attacked northern China in the Battle of Suiyuan.
» In-depth article
25 Oct 1936
- The Rome-Berlin Axis treaty was signed.
- A large part of Spain’s gold reserves (which remained in Republican controlled Spain after the rising) was transferred to Russia to pay for Soviet aid.
26 Oct 1936
- Germany set up a the Reich Central Office for Combating Abortion and Homosexuality to specifically deal with homosexuality and abortion, both of which, in their thinking, decreases the German birth rate.
28 Oct 1936
- The first 25 I-15 fighters, accompanied by 15 Soviet pilots, arrived in Cartagena, Spain.
» In-depth article
29 Oct 1936
- Soviet tanks and aircraft appeared in the front-line for the first time in the Spanish Civil War. Meanwhile, German and Italian bombers began a series of raids on Madrid, Spain in the hope of destroying civilian resistance.
» In-depth article
- In Germany, Josef Wagner, the Gauleiter of Silesia, was appointed Price Commissar to ensure that inflation did not undermine the Four Year Plan announced by Hitler in Sep 1936.
Spain
30 Oct 1936
United Kingdom
- The Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park, London, England, United Kingdom for the Great Exhibition in 1851, was destroyed by fire.
Photo(s) dated 30 Oct 1936
31 Oct 1936
Russia
United Kingdom
- The Jarrow Marchers arrived in London, England, United Kingdom. This protest was the best remembered of the hunger marches of the depression years. Led by their Labour Party Member of Parliament Ellen Wilkinson (1891-1947), 200 shipyard workers marched to London from Jarrow as a demonstration against the massive unemployment in northeastern England.
1 Nov 1936
- Tetsuzo Iwamoto promoted to the rating of mechanic 1st class.
» In-depth article
2 Nov 1936
- The Spanish Nationalists captured Brunete near Madrid, Spain.
» In-depth article
4 Nov 1936
- The Spanish Nationalists captured Getafe near Madrid, Spain.
» In-depth article
- U-36 was commissioned into service.
» In-depth article
- I-15 fighters first saw action in Spain, with pilots flying these aircraft shooting down two Ju 52 and two CR.32 aircraft over Madrid, Spain without any losses.
» In-depth article
5 Nov 1936
- Adolf Hitler told his top lieutenants that the German aim in the Spanish Civil War was not entirely to aid the Spanish Nationalists, but rather, to prolong the conflict to occupy the attention of the United Kingdom and France, and to continue to widen the chasm between the United Kingdom and Italy.
» In-depth article
Germany
- Columbia-Haus Concentration Camp in Berlin, Germany was closed.
» In-depth article
6 Nov 1936
- Expecting Madrid to fall at any moment, the Spanish Republican Government moved to Valencia, Spain. A defence Junta under the leadership of General Jose Miaja was organised for the last-ditch defence of the capital.
» In-depth article
8 Nov 1936
- The Spanish Nationalists were now poised to make an all-out attack on Madrid in the hope of capturing the Spanish capital and thus ending the war. General Emilio Mola ordered Colonel José Varela to attack the north-west flank of the Spanish Republican defences. Most of the Nationalist troops involved being drawn from the Army of Africa.
» In-depth article
10 Nov 1936
Photo(s) dated 10 Nov 1936
11 Nov 1936
Russia
- Viktor Abakumov was assigned to the Department of Guards of Camps and Places of Imprisonment of the GULAG of the Soviet NKVD.
» In-depth article
12 Nov 1936
- Lieutenant Commander Haruo Ota was named the commanding officer of destroyer Yuzuki.
» In-depth article
- Chen Changjie was awarded the 4th grade of the Order of the Cloud and Banner.
» In-depth article
- Dong Zhao was awarded the Order of Resplendent Banner 4th Class.
» In-depth article
United States
Photo(s) dated 12 Nov 1936
14 Nov 1936
United States
- The US 2nd Marine Brigade began a three-day training exercise with US Navy warships at San Clemente Island, California, United States.
15 Nov 1936
- The German Condor Legion went into action for the first time, supporting further Nationalist operations to capture Madrid.
» In-depth article
16 Nov 1936
- Spanish Nationalist Colonel José Varela's troops had forced a bridgehead over the River Manzanares en route to Madrid, Spain. They would capture almost three quarters of the University City in the coming week before being stopped by Spanish Republican militias.
» In-depth article
- John Winant began his second term as the Chairman of the United States Social Security Board.
» In-depth article
- Soviet pilot Pavel Rychagov was shot down in Spain in an I-15 fighter; he survived the crash.
» In-depth article
United States
- The US 2nd Marine Brigade completed a three-day training exercise with US Navy warships at San Clemente Island, California, United States.
18 Nov 1936
- Italy and Germany officially recognized General Franco's government in Spain. On the same day, Benito Mussolini authorized an Italian expeditionary corps to be sent to Spain.
» In-depth article
Photo(s) dated 18 Nov 1936
19 Nov 1936
Photo(s) dated 19 Nov 1936
20 Nov 1936
- Buenaventura Durruti, a leading figure in the Spanish Anarchist movement, died after sustaining battle wounds during the Spanish Civil War on the previous day.
- Jose Antonio Prima de Rivera (the leader of the Falange), who had been stranded in Republican Spain at the time of the rising, was executed in Alicante.
- A German decree ordered all households to save all kitchen scraps and peelings. A commissar for recycled material was appointed to encourage the public to "make-do and mend".
Photo(s) dated 20 Nov 1936
23 Nov 1936
- The Spanish Nationalist attack toward Madrid had stalled, but the Spanish Republican forces were exhausted as well. Althought Nationalist Colonel José Varela had failed in his primary mission of capturing Madrid, the Nationalists now held areas in the northwest of the city, and it was becoming increasingly obvious that further frontal attacks upon Madrid would be both costly and likely to fail.
» In-depth article
24 Nov 1936
- The United States Social Security Administration began distributing SS-5 application forms for the future issuing of Social Security Numbers.
25 Nov 1936
Photo(s) dated 25 Nov 1936
26 Nov 1936
Taiwan
- The consturction of the Taipei City Hall on Taiwan, Japan was completed. It had cost 980,000 yen to build.
27 Nov 1936
Photo(s) dated 27 Nov 1936
29 Nov 1936
Russia
Photo(s) dated 29 Nov 1936
30 Nov 1936
Photo(s) dated 30 Nov 1936
1 Dec 1936
- Mitsumasa Yonai was named the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Navy Combined Fleet.
» In-depth article
- Hiroaki Abe became the commanding officer of cruiser Jintsu.
» In-depth article
- In Germany a law against economic sabotage made it a capital offence for any German citizen to "inflict serious harm on the German economy." In addition, black-marketeering, smuggling, currency fraud and even unauthorised price increases were covered by the new law and could result in long prison sentences on conviction.
- Mutsu was assigned to Japanese Navy Battleship Division 1.
» In-depth article
» Tabular Record of Movement
- Thomas Holcomb was promoted to the rank of major general and was appointed the 17th Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, relieving Major General John H. Russell, Jr. who had reached the statutory retirement age.
- The keel of battleship Jean Bart was laid down.
» In-depth article
- Chuichi Nagumo was named the commanding officer of the 8th Cruiser Division.
» In-depth article
China
- Vice Admiral Masaichi Maeda succeeded Admiral Hideho Wada as the commanding officer of the Ryojun Military Port (previously known as Port Arthur; now Lushunkou, Liaoning Province, China), Kwantung Leased Territory in northeastern China.
Japan
Korea
- Lieutenant General Seiichi Kuno was named the chief of staff of the Japanese Chosen Army in occupied Korea.
Taiwan
- Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Miwa was named the Chief of Staff of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan.
» In-depth article
5 Dec 1936
Azerbaijan
- The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic became an independent state in the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan
- The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was created as a republic of the Soviet Union.
Kirghizia
- Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic was established.
11 Dec 1936
- King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom abdicated in favour of his brother, Prince Albert, who would soon become King George VI.
» In-depth article
12 Dec 1936
- Xi'an Incident: Chinese generals kidnapped Chiang Kaishek in an attempt to force the Nationalist and Communist forces to form an unified front against the Japanese.
» In-depth article
China
France
- The French battleship Strasbourg was launched at the Saint-Nazaire-Penhoet shipyard at Saint-Nazaire, France.
» In-depth article
13 Dec 1936
- With the frontal attack on Madrid, Spain having failed, the Spanish Nationalist forces attempted to tighten their siege by cutting off the capital from the rest of Republican Spain. José Varela launched an offensive to cut the Corunna Road which ran for 25 miles north of Madrid.
» In-depth article
14 Dec 1936
Russia
- The keel of submarine S-7 was laid down at Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 in Gorky, Russia.
» In-depth article
United States
- The US Army set up an experimental radar set which accurately detected at up to 7-mile range aircraft flying in and out of New York City, New York, United States.
Photo(s) dated 14 Dec 1936
15 Dec 1936
Photo(s) dated 15 Dec 1936
17 Dec 1936
- Communist Party of China sent a delegation to Xi'an under the urging of Joseph Stalin.
» In-depth article
- In Spain, the POUM (Partido Obrero de Unification Marxist [Revolutionary (i.e. anti-Stalanist) Communists]) was ousted from the Generalitat (Catalan Government) by the Communists.
- In a secret meeting, Hermann Göring told leading German industrialists that the war to which Germany was preparing for was on the horizon.
» In-depth article
20 Dec 1936
Russia
- Viktor Abakumov was promoted to the rank of State Security Junior Lieutenant.
» In-depth article
21 Dec 1936
- The Spanish Republican submarine C3 was sunk by an Italian submarine off the coast of Malaga, Spain.
» In-depth article
22 Dec 1936
- Song Meiling and Song Ziwen arrived at Xi'an for negotiations to free kidnapped Chiang Kaishek.
» In-depth article
- The first 3,000 Italian Blackshirts arrived in Spain as volunteer fighters. They were originally organized in battalion-sized units, but would later be re-organized as three divisions after the arrival of more men and equipment.
» In-depth article
23 Dec 1936
- In Spain, the Council of Aragon, which was dominated by the CNT (Confederacion Nacional de Trabajo [the Anarcho-Syndicalist Trades Union]), was recognised by the Republican Government.
- McDougal was commissioned into service.
» In-depth article
24 Dec 1936
China
- General Zhang Xueliang succeeded in achieving an uneasy alliance between the Nationalist and Communist forces against the common foe, Japan.
» In-depth article
26 Dec 1936
- Tetsuzo Iwamoto graduated from flight training and was promoted to the rating of airman 1st class.
» In-depth article
China
- Chiang Kiashek traveled from Xi'an to Nanjing in China.
» In-depth article
- He Yingqin welcomed Chiang Kaishek's arrival after the conclusion of the Xi'an Incident at the airport of Nanjing, China.
» In-depth article
27 Dec 1936
China
- Jiang Dingwen was released from captivity in Xi'an, China by Zhang Xueliang.
» In-depth article
- He Yingqin addressed a crowd of 200,000 people in a rally in Nanjing, China on behalf of Chiang Kaishek; the rally was held to celebrate Chiang's safe return after the Xi'an Incident.
» In-depth article
31 Dec 1936
- Mineichi Koga was promoted to the rank of vice admiral.
» In-depth article
- The US 1st Marine Brigade completed its three-month amphibious and field landing exercise in and near Potomac, Maryland, United States.
Timeline Section Founder: Thomas Houlihan
Contributors: Alan Chanter, C. Peter Chen, Thomas Houlihan, David Stubblebine
Special Thanks: Rory Curtis
