US Carrier Time Operational
Editor's Note: The following content is a transcription of a period document or a collection of period statistics. It may be incomplete, inaccurate, or biased. The reader may not wish to take the content as factual.
ww2dbase
Commission Date | First Operational Date | End of Service Date | Mo. To Becoming Operational | Total Mo. Since First Operational | Total Months Operational | Mo. Repair For Combat Damage | Mo. Refit, Overhaul, & In Reserve | Pct Time Since First Operational | Pct Time Repair Damage | Pct Time Refit, Overhaul, & In Reserve | |
Fleet (CV) and Light Carriers (CVL) | |||||||||||
Saratoga (CV-3) | 16-Nov-27 | 07-Dec-41 | 02-Sep-45 | 0.0 | 44.8 | 29.8 | 11.0 | 4.0 | 67% | 25% | 9% |
Lexington (CV-2) | 14-Dec-27 | 07-Dec-41 | 08-May-42 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Ranger (CV-4) | 04-Jun-34 | 07-Dec-41 | 02-Sep-45 | 0.0 | 44.8 | 43.8 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 98% | 0% | 2% |
Yorktown (CV-5) | 30-Sep-37 | 07-Dec-41 | 07-Jun-42 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Enterprise (CV-6) | 12-May-38 | 07-Dec-41 | 02-Sep-45 | 0.0 | 44.8 | 31.8 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 71% | 18% | 11% |
Wasp (CV-7) | 25-Apr-40 | 07-Dec-41 | 15-Sep-42 | 0.0 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 89% | 0% | 11% |
Hornet (CV-8) | 01-Jan-41 | 07-Dec-41 | 27-Oct-42 | 0.0 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Essex (CV-9) | 31-Dec-42 | 15-May-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.4 | 27.6 | 25.6 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 93% | 0% | 7% |
Independence (CVL-22) | 14-Jan-43 | 14-Jul-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 5.9 | 25.7 | 23.7 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 92% | 0% | 8% |
Lexington (CV-16) | 17-Feb-43 | 27-Jul-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 5.3 | 25.2 | 21.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 84% | 8% | 8% |
Princeton (CVL-23) | 25-Feb-43 | 15-Jul-43 | 24-Oct-44 | 4.6 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Belleau Wood (CVL-24) | 31-Mar-43 | 26-Jul-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.8 | 25.3 | 22.3 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 88% | 12% | 0% |
Yorktown (CV-10) | 15-Apr-43 | 24-Jul-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.3 | 25.3 | 23.3 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 92% | 0% | 8% |
Bunker Hill (CV-17) | 24-May-43 | 19-Oct-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.9 | 22.5 | 15.5 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 69% | 18% | 13% |
Cowpens (CVL-25) | 28-May-43 | 19-Sep-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.7 | 23.5 | 20.5 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 87% | 0% | 13% |
Monterey (CVL-26) | 17-Jun-43 | 15-Sep-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.0 | 23.6 | 19.6 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 83% | 4% | 13% |
Cabot (CVL-28) | 24-Jul-43 | 02-Dec-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 16.3 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 67% | 11% | 22% |
Intrepid (CV-11) | 16-Aug-43 | 10-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.8 | 19.7 | 7.7 | 12.0 | 0.0 | 39% | 61% | 0% |
Langley (CVL-27) | 31-Aug-43 | 19-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.6 | 19.4 | 17.4 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 90% | 0% | 10% |
San Jacinto (CVL-30) | 15-Nov-43 | 08-May-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 5.7 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Bataan (CVL-29) | 17-Nov-43 | 04-Apr-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.6 | 17.0 | 14.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 82% | 0% | 18% |
Wasp (CV-18) | 24-Nov-43 | 04-Apr-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.3 | 17.0 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 76% | 24% | 0% |
Hornet (CV-12) | 29-Nov-43 | 20-Mar-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.7 | 17.4 | 14.4 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 83% | 17% | 0% |
Franklin (CV-13) | 31-Jan-44 | 06-Jun-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.2 | 14.9 | 4.9 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 33% | 67% | 0% |
Hancock (CV-19) | 15-Apr-44 | 05-Oct-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 5.7 | 10.9 | 8.9 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 82% | 18% | 0% |
Ticonderoga (CV-14) | 08-May-44 | 29-Oct-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 5.7 | 10.1 | 7.1 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 70% | 30% | 0% |
Bennington (CV-20) | 06-Aug-44 | 08-Feb-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 70% | 30% | 0% |
Shangri-La (CV-38) | 15-Sep-44 | 20-Apr-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Randolph (CV-15) | 09-Oct-44 | 07-Feb-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 85% | 15% | 0% |
Bon Homme Richard (CV-31) | 26-Nov-44 | 03-Jun-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 6.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Antietam (CV-36) | 28-Jan-45 | 12-Aug-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 6.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Boxer (CV-21) | 16-Apr-45 | 15-Aug-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Lake Champlain (CV-39) | 03-Jun-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Average | 33 | 4.1 | 16.8 | 13.7 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 82% | 12% | 6% | ||
Escort Carriers (CVE) | |||||||||||
Langley (CV-1) | 20-Mar-22 | 07-Dec-41 | 27-Feb-42 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Long Island (CVE-1) | 02-Jun-41 | 15-Aug-41 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.4 | 48.6 | 48.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Charger (CVE-30) | 03-Mar-42 | 15-May-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.4 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Copahee (CVE-12) | 15-Jun-42 | 05-Sep-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.7 | 35.9 | 30.9 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 86% | 0% | 14% |
Nassau (CVE-16) | 20-Aug-42 | 10-Oct-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.7 | 34.8 | 32.8 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 94% | 0% | 6% |
Santee (CVE-29) | 24-Aug-42 | 25-Oct-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.0 | 34.3 | 30.3 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 88% | 9% | 3% |
Sangamon (CVE-26) | 25-Aug-42 | 25-Oct-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.0 | 34.3 | 22.3 | 10.0 | 2.0 | 65% | 29% | 6% |
Altamaha (CVE-18) | 15-Sep-42 | 03-Nov-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.6 | 34.0 | 28.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 82% | 0% | 18% |
Chenango (CVE-28) | 19-Sep-42 | 23-Oct-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.1 | 34.3 | 26.3 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 77% | 3% | 20% |
Suwanee (CVE-27) | 24-Sep-42 | 23-Oct-42 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.0 | 34.3 | 28.3 | 6.0 | 0.0 | 83% | 17% | 0% |
Bogue (CVE-9) | 26-Sep-42 | 15-Feb-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.7 | 30.6 | 29.6 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 97% | 0% | 3% |
Card (CVE-11) | 08-Nov-42 | 14-May-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 6.1 | 27.7 | 25.7 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 93% | 0% | 7% |
Core (CVE-13) | 10-Dec-42 | 15-Feb-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.2 | 30.6 | 29.6 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 97% | 0% | 3% |
Barnes (CVE-20) | 20-Feb-43 | 15-May-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.8 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Block Island (CVE-21) | 08-Mar-43 | 15-Jun-43 | 29-May-44 | 3.3 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Breton (CVE-23) | 12-Apr-43 | 15-Jul-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.1 | 25.6 | 25.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Croatan (CVE-25) | 28-Apr-43 | 05-Aug-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.3 | 24.9 | 23.9 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 96% | 0% | 4% |
Prince William (CVE-31) | 09-Apr-43 | 15-Jun-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.2 | 26.6 | 25.6 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 96% | 0% | 4% |
Liscome Bay (CVE-56) | 07-Aug-43 | 10-Nov-43 | 24-Nov-43 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Casablanca (CVE-55) | 08-Jul-43 | 15-Aug-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.2 | 24.6 | 22.6 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 92% | 0% | 8% |
Coral Sea/Anzio (CVE-57) | 27-Aug-43 | 25-Oct-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.9 | 22.3 | 19.3 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 87% | 0% | 13% |
Corregidor (CVE-58) | 31-Aug-43 | 26-Oct-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.8 | 22.2 | 20.2 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 91% | 0% | 9% |
Mission Bay (CVE-59) | 13-Sep-43 | 26-Dec-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.4 | 20.2 | 18.2 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 90% | 10% | 0% |
Guadalcanal (CVE-60) | 25-Sep-43 | 05-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.4 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Manila Bay (CVE-61) | 05-Oct-43 | 20-Nov-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.5 | 21.4 | 17.4 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 81% | 14% | 5% |
Natoma Bay (CVE-62) | 14-Oct-43 | 15-Nov-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.1 | 21.6 | 16.6 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 77% | 14% | 9% |
St. Lo/Midway (CVE-63) | 23-Oct-43 | 15-Nov-43 | 25-Oct-44 | 0.8 | 11.3 | 10.3 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 91% | 0% | 9% |
Tripoli (CVE-64) | 31-Oct-43 | 15-Mar-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 4.5 | 17.6 | 15.6 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 89% | 0% | 11% |
Wake Island (CVE-65) | 07-Nov-43 | 16-Feb-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.3 | 18.5 | 16.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 89% | 5% | 5% |
White Plains (CVE-66) | 15-Nov-43 | 30-Dec-43 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.5 | 20.1 | 17.1 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 85% | 15% | 0% |
Kalinin Bay (CVE-68) | 27-Nov-43 | 03-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.2 | 20.0 | 17.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 85% | 15% | 0% |
Solomons (CVE-67) | 21-Nov-43 | 06-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.5 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Kasaan Bay (CVE-69) | 04-Dec-43 | 08-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.1 | 19.8 | 19.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Fanshaw Bay (CVE-70) | 09-Dec-43 | 06-Apr-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.9 | 16.9 | 13.9 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 82% | 18% | 0% |
Kitkun Bay (CVE-71) | 15-Dec-43 | 28-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.4 | 19.2 | 16.2 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 84% | 16% | 0% |
Tulagi (CVE-72) | 21-Dec-43 | 17-Jan-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 0.9 | 19.5 | 18.5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 95% | 0% | 5% |
Gambier Bay (CVE-73) | 28-Dec-43 | 07-Feb-44 | 25-Oct-44 | 1.3 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Nehenta Bay (CVE-74) | 03-Jan-44 | 06-Feb-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.1 | 18.9 | 15.9 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 84% | 16% | 0% |
Hoggatt Bay (CVE-75) | 11-Jan-44 | 10-Mar-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.9 | 17.8 | 14.8 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 83% | 17% | 0% |
Kadashan Bay (CVE-76) | 18-Jan-44 | 06-Mar-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.6 | 17.9 | 13.9 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 78% | 17% | 6% |
Marcus Island (CVE-77) | 26-Jan-44 | 19-May-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.7 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 94% | 6% | 0% |
Salvo Island (CVE-78) | 03-Feb-44 | 15-Mar-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 17.6 | 16.6 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 94% | 0% | 6% |
Ommaney Bay (CVE-79) | 11-Feb-44 | 19-Mar-44 | 04-Jan-45 | 1.2 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 79% | 0% | 21% |
Petrof Bay (CVE-80) | 18-Feb-44 | 29-Mar-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Rudyerd Bay (CVE-81) | 25-Feb-44 | 15-Apr-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.6 | 16.6 | 14.6 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 88% | 0% | 12% |
Saginaw Bay (CVE-82) | 02-Mar-44 | 15-Apr-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.4 | 16.6 | 12.6 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 76% | 6% | 18% |
Sargent Bay (CVE-83) | 09-Mar-44 | 15-May-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.2 | 15.6 | 11.6 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 74% | 0% | 26% |
Shamrock Bay (CVE-84) | 15-Mar-44 | 15-Apr-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.0 | 16.6 | 15.6 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 94% | 0% | 6% |
Shipley Bay (CVE-85) | 21-Mar-44 | 03-May-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.4 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 94% | 6% | 0% |
Sitkoh Bay (CVE-86) | 28-Mar-44 | 30-Apr-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.1 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Steamer Bay (CVE-87) | 04-Apr-44 | 14-May-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 15.6 | 13.6 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 87% | 0% | 13% |
Cape Esperance (CVE-88) | 09-Apr-44 | 26-May-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.5 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 87% | 13% | 0% |
Takanis Bay (CVE-89) | 15-Apr-44 | 24-May-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Thetis Bay (CVE-90) | 21-Apr-44 | 02-Jun-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.4 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 93% | 0% | 7% |
Makassar Strait (CVE-91) | 27-Apr-44 | 06-Jun-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Windham Bay (CVE-92) | 03-May-44 | 12-Jun-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 14.7 | 10.7 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 73% | 20% | 7% |
Makin Island (CVE-93) | 09-May-44 | 19-Jun-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 14.5 | 13.5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 93% | 0% | 7% |
Lunga Point (CVE-94) | 14-May-44 | 15-Aug-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.1 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Bismark Sea (CVE-95) | 20-May-44 | 15-Jul-44 | 21-Feb-45 | 1.8 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 72% | 0% | 28% |
Salamaua (CVE-96) | 26-May-44 | 15-Jun-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 0.7 | 14.6 | 9.6 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 66% | 27% | 7% |
Hollandia (CVE-97) | 01-Jun-44 | 10-Jul-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Kwajalein (CVE-98) | 07-Jun-44 | 17-Jul-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 13.5 | 11.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 85% | 0% | 15% |
Admiralty Islands (CVE-99) | 13-Jun-44 | 15-Jul-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.1 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 78% | 0% | 22% |
Bougainville (CVE-100) | 18-Jun-44 | 01-Aug-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.4 | 13.0 | 11.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 85% | 8% | 8% |
Matanikau (CVE-101) | 24-Jun-44 | 01-Aug-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.2 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Attu (CVE-102) | 30-Jun-44 | 7-Aug-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.2 | 12.8 | 11.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 92% | 8% | 0% |
Roi (CVE-103) | 06-Jul-44 | 13-Aug-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.2 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Munda (CVE-104) | 08-Jul-44 | 16-Aug-44 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.3 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Commencement Bay (CVE-105) | 27-Nov-44 | 01-Feb-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.2 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Block Island (CVE-106) | 30-Dec-44 | 17-Apr-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Gilbert Islands (CVE-107) | 05-Feb-45 | 02-May-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Cape Gloucester (CVE-109) | 05-Mar-45 | 29-Jun-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Vella Gulf/Totem Bay (CVE-111) | 09-Apr-45 | 17-Jun-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Kula Gulf (CVE-108) | 12-May-45 | 05-Aug-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Salerno Bay (CVE-110) | 10-May-45 | 17-Aug-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Siboney/Frosty bay (CVE-112) | 14-May-45 | 08-Aug-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Puget Sound (CVE-113) | 18-Jun-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Bairoko/Portage Bay (CVE-115) | 16-Jul-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 02-Sep-45 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Average | 78 | 2.0 | 17.4 | 15.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 90% | 5% | 5% |
Notes
Being "operational" means having completed shakedown trials, embarked aircraft, and not being repaired for combat damage or being overahuled or refitted.
Operational times begin at 7 December 1941 for carriers commissioned before then.
Operational times end at 2 September 1945 for carriers still in service at that time.
"Total Mo. Since 1st Operational" is the number of months that elapsed between being commissioned as an aircraft carrier and becoming operational for the first time.
The total number of months between first becoming operational and the end of service is divided into months "operational", under repair, or being refitted, etc. ww2dbase
Source(s):
Richard Frank (1990). Guadalcanal- The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle.
Evan Mawdsley (2019). The War For The Seas- A Maritime History of World War II.
Jonathan Parshall & Anthony Tully (2005). Shattered Sword- The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway.
Francis Pike (2019). Hirohito's War- The Pacific War 1941-1945.
Craig Symonds (2018). World War II At Sea.
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (hazegray.org/danfs)
Imperial Japanese Navy Page (combinedfleet.com)
Naval War In The Pacific, 1941-1945 (pacific.valka.cz)
Royal and Dominion Navy Warships (naval-history.net)
Wikipedia
Added By:
Bob Bryant
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