31 Aug 1937
  • Italian submarine Iride attacked British destroyer HMS Havock off Spain, and HMS Havock responded with depth charges; neither incurred any damage. ww2dbase [Iride | CPC]
China
  • The Japanese Navy Kanoya Air Group, based in Taiwan, launched 9 Type 96 G3M2 bombers to attack Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. 8 Hawk III fighters of Chinese 29th Independent Pursuit Squadron were scrambled to intercept; one G3M bomber was shot down, two Hawk III fighters were damaged. ww2dbase [Bombing of Shanghai, Chongqing, and other Cities | Guangzhou, Guangdong | CPC]
  • The last Japanese merchant ship departed Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, escorted by submarine tender Jingei. ww2dbase [Qingdao, Shandong | CPC]
  • The Chinese Ministry of Education ordered that, with the exception of Yenching University and Fu Jen Catholic University in Beiping (both which were run by westerners and thus safe from the Japanese), all universities in war zones must be relocated to the rear. ww2dbase [CPC]



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Soviet 85 mm M1939 (52-K) anti-aircraft guns at Gorky Park, Moscow, Russia, 28 Jul 1941

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