World War II Database

Contributor: C. Peter Chen

ww2dbaseAs the initial phase of the East Prussian Operation was completed, Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky's 2nd Byelorussian Front was redeployed to the Province of Pomerania in western Prussia. The main objective was to attack German forces in the region to eliminate a possibility of a counter-attack which might threaten Georgi Zhukov's 1st Byelorussian Front, which was on its way toward Berlin, the capital of Germany. German intelligence detected the preparations for such an attack as early as 13 Feb 1945, and on that information Colonel General Walter Weiß of the seriously under-strength German 2nd Army requested to fall back toward Germany in the face of a strong Soviet attack, but the request was denied by Adolf Hitler.

ww2dbaseThe Soviet offensive began on 24 Feb 1945 with fresh troops of Kozlov's 19th Army, and the Germans were able to hold off the attack. On 26 Feb, the 3rd Guards Tank Corps and 3rd Guards Cavalry Corps took over the task of attacking the Germans (and Kozlov was relieved of command), taking Baldenburg and Neustettin by the next day. On 1 Mar, Zhukov's right wing, a grouping of the 3rd Shock Army, 1st Guards Tank Army, and 2nd Guards Army joined the attack on western Prussia. By 2 Mar, Weiß's troops were completely cut off. On 4 Mar, Soviet tanks reached the Baltic Sea. Many German units were now encircled at various locations; those that are not fell back toward the city of Danzig. On 6 Mar, the Soviet 2nd Shock Army threatened to encircle Marienburg, which was evacuated two days later. To the east, Elbing fell under Soviet control on 10 Mar, a day after Weiß was relieved of command for the defeats thus far. The new German commander, Dietrich von Saucken, led the German 2nd Army in a withdraw toward Danzig while Zhukov's forces decimated the remainders of the 3rd Panzer Army near the lower Oder.

ww2dbaseMany civilians fled into the coastal town of Kolberg, which was surrounded by 4 Mar. Colonel Fritz Fullriede had been in charge of German forces at Kolberg only since 1 Mar. He had under him a force consisted of local forces and the men from nearly destroyed units such as the 3rd Panzer Army, 33rd Waffen-SS Grenadier Division, and the 15th Waffen-SS Grenadier Division. The total number of defenders was about 8,000 to 15,000 with about 60 pieces of artillery and 18 tanks. From the sea, they had the support from the guns of Lützow and Admiral Scheer. On the Soviet side, the first wave of attacks was conducted by Soviet troops (largely those of 45th Tank Brigade and 272nd Rifle Division) and the second Polish troops. (elements of Polish First Army, Polish 6th Infantry Division, Polish 3rd Infantry Division, and Polish 4th Infantry Division). The first wave of attacks on Kolberg began in the morning of 4 Mar, with troops entering the city at 0800 hours; the first troops were driven out of the city quickly. After four days of stalemate, the Polish troops were sent in under the command of Polish General Stanislav Poplavsky. The first attack during the Polish attack was repulsed by stubborn German defense while civilians and supplies were evacuated by sea, while the German warships provided effective naval gunfire support against Soviet tanks. Between 12 and 14 Mar, Polish troops and Russian tanks mounted a large attack, but it was driven back as well with heavy casualties on both sides. After some setbacks on 15 Mar, the German forces pulled back to the port on 16 Mar. On 17 Mar, most of the German troops and large number of civilians were successfully evacuated by sea to Swinemünde. The city was declared secure by Polish troops on 18 Mar. At the end of the fighting, 80% of the city of Kolberg was destroyed.

ww2dbaseOn 15 Mar, Soviet troops marched toward the port city of Danzig, which was full of refugees seeking to escape to the west. By 19 Mar, Soviet troops reached the heights over Zoppot as German troops were pushed back into the city. On 22 Mar, the Russian 70th Army reached the sea and cut the German defenses into two. Gdynia was taken on 26 Mar as German defenders and civilians were evacuated to the Hel Peninsula. Danzig fell on 28 Mar, with remaining troops and refugees also heading toward the Hel Peninsula.

ww2dbaseThe Pomerania region was declared secure in early Apr, though German troops continued to fight from the Hel Peninsula until 10 May 1945.

East Pomeranian Offensive Interactive Map

Photographs

East Pomeranian Offensive Timeline

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