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• German submarine U-66 sank US collier Venore 5 kilometers off North Carolina, United States, killing 17 of 41 aboard. At 0812 hours, U-109 sank British ship Thirlby 20 miles off Nova Scotia, Canada; 5 were killed, 41 survived. At 1340 hours, U-82 sank Norwegian tanker Leiesten 400 miles east of Newfoundland; 6 were killed, 29 survived. ww2dbase [Second Happy Time | CPC]
• At 0812 hours, U-109 sank British ship Thirlby 20 miles off Nova Scotia, Canada; 5 were killed, 41 survived. At 1340 hours, U-82 sank Norwegian tanker Leiesten 400 miles east of Newfoundland; 6 were killed, 29 survived. ww2dbase [Second Happy Time | CPC]

• In the evening in Australia, Deputy Prime Minister Francis Forde announced that the government had learned of a Japanese landing at Bougainville in the Solomon Islands, but there were no words on whether Rabaul had been invaded. ww2dbase [New Guinea-Papua Campaign, Phase 1, Bismarck Islands | Frank Forde | CPC]

• At 0230 hours, Japanese troops began landing on New Britain on three beachheads, two of which were defended, but in general the Japanese had little difficult overcoming the defenses. Carrier aircraft from Akagi, Kaga, and Zuikaku supported the invasion after dawn, enjoying air superiority thus losing only one pilot (Flight Petty Officer 2nd Class Isao Hiraishi) all day. As the troops entered and captured Rabaul, New Britain, Bismarck Islands, as reported by Tolai natives later, Japanese troops mutilated corpses of Australian troops with axes and bayonets. On the same day, Japanese troops including the No. 2 Maizuru Special Naval Landing Force delivered by Tenryu also landed at Kavieng, New Ireland. ww2dbase [New Guinea-Papua Campaign, Phase 1, Bismarck Islands | Kaga | Akagi | Zuikaku | Tenryu | Yuzuki | Rabaul, New Britain | CPC]
• Tanikaze covered carriers during the landings in the Bismarck Archipelago. ww2dbase [Tanikaze | CPC]

• Australian Catalina aircraft were launched from Port Moresby, British Territory of Papua to attack Rabaul, New Britain on the very first night of Japanese occupation; severe weather in the Solomon Sea forced the aircraft to abandon the mission, however. ww2dbase [Port Moresby | CPC]

• In the Solomon Islands, the Japanese landed at Kieta, Bougainville. ww2dbase [Solomon Islands Campaign | TH, CPC]

• The Japanese commenced a determined effort to establish air superiority over Rangoon, Burma. By 29 Jan seventeen Japanese aircraft had been shot down for the loss of two American Volunteer Group and ten Royal Air Force machines, forcing the Japanese temporarily to concede. ww2dbase [Invasion of Burma | AC]

• American fishing trawler Grand Marshall disembarked 28 survivors of Norwegian tanker Alexandra Høegh, which had been sunk by German submarine U-130 two days prior, at Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Canada. ww2dbase [Shelburne, Nova Scotia | HM]

• As the Japanese convoy carrying the Sakaguchi Detachment approached Balikpapan, Dutch Borneo, it was attacked by Dutch forces; Dutch submarine K-18 sank Japanese transport Tsuruga Maru, while nine Dutch B-10 bombers, and 20 Dutch Buffalo fighters sank Japanese transport Nana Maru and damaged Tatsugami Maru. ww2dbase [Dutch East Indies Campaign, Borneo | Balikpapan, Borneo | CPC]
• Japanese Sasebo Combined Special Naval Landing Force set sail from Menado, Celebes, Dutch East Indies for Kendari on the southeastern tip of the island. ww2dbase [Dutch East Indies Campaign, Celebes and Moluccas | Menado, Celebes | CPC]
• Japanese bombers attacked Palembang, Sumatra, Dutch East Indies for the first time. ww2dbase [Dutch East Indies Campaign, Sumatra | Palembang, Sumatra | CPC]
• Naka protected transports during the invasion of Balikpapan, Dutch Borneo. ww2dbase [Naka | Balikpapan, Borneo | CPC]

• Leonardo da Vinci departed Bordeaux, France at 1140 hours for trials, returning in the evening. ww2dbase [Leonardo da Vinci | Bordeaux, Aquitaine | CPC]

• After two weeks of close reconnaissance, submarine USS Thresher departed the Marshall Islands bound for Guam and Saipan in the Mariana Islands. ww2dbase [Thresher | DS]

• A British Albacore torpedo bomber attacked Italian convoy T18 in the Gulf of Sirte north of Libya, sinking transport Victoria; 391 were killed, 1,064 survived. ww2dbase [Gulf of Sirte | CPC]

• American oiler USS Neches was torpedoed and sunk by Japanese submarine I-72 70 miles southwest of the Hawaiian Islands at 0319 hours, killing 57. Without this source of fuel, USS Lexington and her task force cancelled the Wake Island raid. ww2dbase [Lexington (Lexington-class) | CPC]

• Soviet 3rd Shock Army surrounded 5,500 German troops at Kholm, Russia. ww2dbase [Rzhev-Vyazma Offensive and the Demyansk Pocket | Kholm, Novgorod | CPC]

• In Washington, DC, United States, George Marshall told Joseph Stilwell that Stilwell was definitely going to be sent to China. Stilwell began assembling a staff for his upcoming mission to China. ww2dbase [Joseph Stilwell | Washington | CPC]
• The Roberts Commission found Husband Kimmel and Walter Short guilty of dereliction of duty for the Pearl Harbor disaster. ww2dbase [Walter Short | Husband Kimmel | Attack on Pearl Harbor | Washington | CPC]
• USS S-27 departed San Francisco Bay, California, United States. ww2dbase [S-27 | San Francisco Bay, California | CPC]

• US Marine Corps 7th Defense Battalion at American Samoa was reinforced by the 2nd Marine Brigade, which was consisted of the 8th Marine Regiment, 10th Marine Regiment, and 2nd Defense Battalion. ww2dbase [CPC]

• In Yugoslavia, Hungarian troops massacred 2,462 Serbs and 700 Jews over six days in retaliation for partisan activity. ww2dbase [AC]

23 Jan 1942 Interactive Map